This grade-evaluation guide, unlike most Army Occupational Guides (AOGs), is for use across occupational lines in determining grade levels of scientific and technical intelligence production-analysis, design, and/or modeling duties. Scientific and Technical (S&T) intelligence concerns foreign developments in basic and applied scientific and technical research and development including engineering and production techniques, new technology, and weapon systems and their capabilities and characteristics; it also includes intelligence that requires scientific or technical expertise on the part of the analyst, such as medicine, physical health studies, and behavioral analyses. The following information includes coverage, series definitions, titles, and career paths common to S&T intelligence production positions within the. Civilian Intelligence Personnel Management System (CIPMS).

The following information supplements the above discussion to aid in placement and classification of Army positions, and in the understanding of the AOG.

This chart converts total point values assigned by application of the standard to all non-supervisory positions to grades GS-1 through GS-18.

Five distinct but interrelated major duties have been identified as common to the complex process of S&T intelligence production. They are: research and collection, analysis, production and dissemination, program management and representation and liaison. This section describes these five common functions and some of the most important and characteristic tasks supporting each of them. The information is arranged by levels of the professional-administrative grade band.

ENTRY LEVEL (Includes GS-5 through GS-9 grade levels.)

1. Research and Collection:

Conducts research on well-established S&T intelligence topics in support of a larger analytical effort. Locates, selects, compiles and organizes S&T data for senior analysts in response to progressively less specific directions on sources, factual categories of data to be investigated, technical analysis techniques to be employed and formats for reports. In design and modeling, uses detailed descriptions of the physical systems and other available data for direct input to models for which example models provide the baseline. Applies an increasing level of scientific, engineering or technical knowledge and experience in selecting information and determining significance of data in order to maintain hard copy or automated data files for an assigned subject area. Identifies obvious information gaps and provides input to the formulation of collection requirements.

2. Analysis:

Performs basic analysis by correlating data from a limited number of sources and/or by application of limited and conventional scientific, engineering or technical concepts. In design and modeling, uses the model(s) to perform routine tests and quality control checks in working with parts of weapon systems or specific applications of technologies. Compares reported data on operation of a conventional equipment subsystem to known operational parameters, using basic principles, concepts and techniques of an engineering specialty, scientific discipline or technical analysis area.

Initially prepares a basic technical assessment of the validity of the reported data; as experience is acquired, employee is expected to propose preliminary assessments of intelligence potential of the newly reported raw information. As employee progresses through the grade band, the work' requires more complete evaluation and interpretation of data from various standpoints such as probable validity of the reported data on equipment performance, configuration or technology application when evaluated by appropriate engineering, scientific or technical principles, accuracy, relationship to other data, pertinence and significance.

3. Administration and program Management:

Provides input regarding project and workload planning to senior analysts and supervisor. Implements basic security guidelines and procedures. As incumbent gains experience, employee is expected to coordinate with other analysts and personnel providing support services as necessary to complete work projects. In working with contractors, employee follows contracting procedures, identifying potential problems and improvements. At the higher grade levels of the band, may provide training and assistance to other employees, such as in the use of organizational data bases and automated data processing (ADP) operations.

4. Production and Dissemination:

Prepares input for inclusion in scheduled or unscheduled intelligence products. Initially assigned portion of report updates information in factual categories such as some technical specifications or performance of variant models of equipment, confirmation of institutional affiliations of personalities, results of manipulation of data using conventional analytical or mathematical processes. Hay. contribute to desk level informational briefings. At more advanced levels in band, incumbent devises methods of presentation and compilation of data by developing and selecting charts, statistical tables, photographs, and other material to illustrate effectively or supplement significant features in the specialty field. Employee begins to identify appropriate consumers and recommends dissemination of pertinent analysis.

5. Representation and Liaison:

Initially attends working groups as an observer and to begin building network of peers at principal customer activities. As more experience is acquired, may contribute information on results of personally performed S&T analysis and routine processes, or may demonstrate completed models. At the higher levels Of the band, accompanies supervisor or senior analyst to visit customer agencies for discussions of specific requirements, or to coordinate with DIA, customer or other intelligence activities on such matters as analytical approach, coverage and treatment of subject.

FULL PERFORMANCE (Includes GS-10 through GS-13 grade levels.)

In addition to duties described at the entry level, employees in this grade band are expected to perform a majority of the following duties:

1. Collection and Research:

Conducts comprehensive research on complex S&T topics, either independently or as part of a larger analytical effort. Determines research methodology and work approach, tests and revises it as appropriate. Establishes the validity of new intelligence data by comparing and contrasting information from different sources using appropriate scientific, engineering or technical methods. Creates and modifies necessary data files and manipulates data to develop responses to a wide range of complex intelligence tasking. In modeling, modifies and expands model(s) for a baseline or improves current mathematical model accuracy and realism in working with whole weapon systems or technologies (e.g., artillery, electronics). Identifies intelligence gaps and prepares detailed specifications for collection or changes to standing requirements, based on knowledge of collection systems.

Endeavors to determine technical omissions, discrepancies and. reliability of all sources of material by applying known technical constraints on equipment operation or technology application, and extrapolating from established data on foreign equipment characteristics, foreign R&D and production capabilities.

At the higher level of grade band may serve as a project leader, integrating multiple inputs, and/or directing and assessing progress of research efforts of lower-graded analysts.

2. Analysis:

Progressing through this band, the work assignments cover increasingly broad and more technically complex intelligence analysis in advanced areas of investigation pushing into new frontiers. Performs basic and estimative analysis using a wide variety of sources. Develops and modifies appropriate analytical methods and applies sophisticated techniques to the analytical process. In modeling, performs and reviews new or complex verification and production runs, identifying and correcting shortfalls. Insures that assessments are technically accurate, adequate and address requested needs. Directs efforts of lower-graded analysts and reviews their work for soundness of conclusions.

3. Administration and Program Management:

Provides on-the-job training and substantive guidance to lower-graded analysts on all aspects of the work. Plans work approach for projects. Delineates and prioritizes tasks for junior analysts. Identifies resource requirements and shortfalls to supervisor. Insures implementation of security guidelines and procedures. Reviews team products for adherence to decompartment/releasability criteria. May act as Contracting Office's Technical Representative (COTR), preparing statements of work, and other documentation, discussing changes and appropriate techniques with the contractor and supporting the Contract Officer in negotiations. Advises through the chain of command on important developments in foreign technology having impact on US Army mission and programs. Progressing through the band, the employee effects coordination with decreasing involvement of supervisory personnel.

4. Production and Dissemination:

Prepares, produces and disseminates both scheduled and unscheduled intelligence products such as briefings, studies, estimates and assessment memoranda with complete documentation. In concert with supervisor and tasking agencies, identifies audience for products. Briefs and advises superiors on the intelligence position to be taken based on personal evaluation of information received, or need for special or unscheduled research or collection projects based on accumulated data or significant unreported. information. At more senior level, knows most appropriate customers and ensures production satisfies their priority needs. Recommends distribution based on this knowledge. As incumbent progresses through level, advises management on the development of specific tailored products to respond to customers' needs.

5. Representation and Liaison:

Represents activity in working groups and committees as substantive authority in subject area. Initiates analytical contacts to enhance mission effectiveness. At higher grade levels represents activity/Amy at national and international fora. Coordinates with originating elements and other intelligence activities on matters of approach, coverage and treatment.

EXPERT (Includes GS-14 and GS-15 grade levels. )

Defines analytical topics and initiates comprehensive and/or creative research efforts on complex topics as related to extensive or speculative analytical projects. Oversees multi -team efforts insuring integrity of methodologies and approaches across the teams. Work involves assignments of extreme difficult and technical complexity in advanced areas of S&T investigation.

1. Research and Collection:

Identifies requirements for new data bases and information sources. Develops new research methodologies. Defines overall analytical objectives in relation to existing or proposed policy and identifies analytical resources. Attempts new approaches to the solution of existing problems to include the use of new or different collection results.

Investigates all pertinent data sources, including new sources not previously used for the specific area. Works with collection requirements managers to oversee technical development of comprehensive collection plans to address intelligence gaps.

2. Analysis

Defines critical intelligence topics. In modeling, individual has a thorough understanding of all aspects of assigned models that are built using complex concepts. Develops new models or significantly improves current models. Assesses available information. Initiates long-range analytical assessments. Evaluates resulting assessments in light of policy. objectives. Produces a thorough analysis of the subject matter and all related areas. Analysis is recognized for its logical, well-developed methodology and is characterized by innovative, integrative approaches to solve highly complex subject matter issues. Establishes new technical analysis approaches and methods which are frequently adopted by other analysts working in the field.

3. Administration and Program Management

Evaluates impact of security policies, such as releasability criteria, on organization effectiveness. Performs long-range planning in support of existing and projected organizational mission requirements. Makes assessments on overall resource capability to answer existing or projected requirements; forecasts resource shortfall. Program plans are well-developed and account for potential difficulties with alternative solutions/approaches. Nay act as COTR, evaluating contractor performance for complex contracts, identifying needs for major changes and aiding on negotiating such changes.

4. Production and Dissemination

In addition to the production and dissemination of the product described at full performance level, expert analysts evaluate the most complex sensitive intelligence products and insure other substantive accuracies. Establishes intelligence position to be taken. Briefs projects to major customers. Based on intimate knowledge of customer needs, incumbent can readily tailor products.

5. Representation and Liaison

In addition to representation function as described in full performance level, analyst is often senior representative of the activity with full authority to establish activity intelligence position at customer hosted meetings and intelligence community forums. Is a recognized authority in assigned subject areas within the intelligence and customer communities. Develops a broad network of recognized authorities. Integrates multiple customer requirements through direct contact and develops approach to satisfy them.

SENIOR EXPERT (Includes GS-16 through GS-18 grade levels.)

In addition to duties at the expert level, employees identify requirements for new, substantial research efforts in areas of departmental/national interest and are involved with organizing, developing, and executing the response to critical analytical programs designed to satisfy national/departmental level requirements. Employees serve as a technical authority for the department.

1. Research and Collection

Establishes policy related to collection sources and their applicability to the analytical process. Identifies and/or assesses new or proposed research methodologies (including modeling and simulation) as they relate to the satisfaction of nation/departmental requirements.

2. Analysis

Oversees extensive multi-team or multi-organizational research projects and ensures integrity of analytical results. Functions as final subject matter expert and review authority for organization. Reviews and determines the accuracy of analyses when differing analytical opinions exist within the organization. Establishes or redirects organizational efforts in addressing national level intelligence issues and assessments.

3. Administration and Program Management

Proposes guidelines for organization's long range planning. Provides advice to command group(s) on what technical programs should be incorporated into the long range plans. Reviews and recommends approval of program proposals responding to critical customer requirements.

4. Production and Dissemination

Identifies and evaluates activity's role in overall Army and intelligence community production efforts. Oversees the activity's or department's technical programs for meeting customer needs, including responsibility for initiating and terminating mission programs.

5. Representation and Liaison

Scientific and technical intelligence analysis is the process of determining the characteristics of current foreign military systems and predicting future capabilities and battlefield effectiveness of these systems. In performing analyses, the employee applies knowledge of scientific, engineering or technical principles; foreign military systems; research, development and acquisition processes; political, economic and cultural conditions; military planning and decision making factors; and combat operations to ascertain the nature of foreign countries current and future military plans and materiel developments.

The scientific and technical intelligence analyst identifies all data sources which could yield potentially relevant information for the functional area being assessed and initiates appropriate action to collect this data. Where intelligence gaps exist, the analyst works with the collection requirements manager and with collectors at department and national collection organizations to define and implement aggressive and sometimes innovative collection strategies to collect information to bridge these gaps. For situations where the collection disciplines (Human Resources Intelligence-HUMINT, Signals Intelligence-SIGINT, - Communications Intelligence-COMINT, etc.). do not yield the required data, the analyst can develop analytical tools such as models and simulations to bridge information gaps. The analyst continually evaluates the value, relevance and validity of incoming data to the assigned intelligence subject area and customers' requirement. The analyst continually assesses data as it is acquired to determine its impact on the activity's established or developing position on relevant intelligence issues in the assigned subject area. The analyst postulates questions such as: "Is the weapon system more capable than previously thought?", "Is the military technology mature and ready for incorporation into a system?" "Is the new weapon system further along the development cycle than previously assessed?" Is the countermeasure less effective than an earlier analysis determined?"

Scientific and technical intelligence analysis requires an intelligence analyst to apply knowledge of the collected intelligence data, scientific, engineering or technical principles, weapon technology, combat environments, tactics, and political, economic and cultural conditions to develop an assessment of foreign nations' military intentions and the capabilities, limitations and vulnerabilities of their military systems or processes. Research to support this analysis usually requires working with US and allied specialists within the academic and military communities, military systems development organizations, government and private industry laboratories, and intelligence community. Predictions of future developments require the analyst to understand and apply forecasting techniques. This often includes the development and use of complex models and simulations (see Part II.C.) and the integration of analyses of many diverse subjects. Within the intelligence and military communities, skilled personnel work together to insure that intelligence is both accurate and represents the best assessment that can be developed with the available data.

The scientific and technical intelligence analyst is concerned not only with the accuracy and quality of the intelligence assessment but also with the most effective means for communicating analytical results. The analyst works with customers, task monitors (for example, DIA desk officers), departmental staff personnel and activity management to determine the product that satisfies the largest number of priority customer requirements. Finished intelligence products include one-on-one discussions with senior national policy makers;-presentations to an international forum such as a NATO conference, preparation of detailed technical papers on foreign military system characteristics and performance parameters to aid in the development of US countermeasures, tailored reports for combat developers to direct planning for future US military materiel, performance effectiveness analyses for operational commanders, and many others. Audiences for these products are equally diverse and include Department of Defense and Army R&D communities to national level policy makers.

Analysts regularly represent their activity or department as subject matter experts in their functional areas on national and international committees and at intelligence community working groups. It is not unusual for an analyst employed at an intelligence production activity to represent the Army as the Army's expert in a very complex and significant scientific and technical intelligence subject. Such representation is a result of an individual's expertise and community recognition of that expertise rather than assignment to any position in the department hierarchy. When serving as activity or department representatives, analysts present their own technical information and assessments, arrange for acquisition of data from other activity or department personnel, or provide technical information and support to decision makers in treaty negotiations. They provide tailored intelligence which requires an in-depth understanding of the working group, task force or committee objectives, customer requirements, available intelligence findings from the intelligence community. Frequently an analyst must develop and carry out a unique production effort to satisfy such diverse requirements.

Some analysts use contractor resources to assist in the intelligence analysis process. When acting as the Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR), an analyst identifies the analytical support processes and techniques to be acquired, prepares justification to acquire and utilize appropriate funding sources, develops technical specifications which describe what the contractor must do and criteria to evaluate selection of a contractor and support the contract negotiation process. After the contract award, the analyst monitors the contractor to assure that the contractor is performing according to the technical specifications and that conditions requiring modifications to the contract are acted upon. The employee is responsible for assisting the contracting officer in. the process of acquiring cost and operationally effective technical support from private contractors.

Analysts meet regularly with personnel from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA); Major Subordinate Command (MSC) and Major Command (MACOM) headquarters; Headquarters, Army Deputy Chief of Staff (DCS, G-2); other intelligence community agencies and customer activities to understand both tasking requirements and priority customer specific needs for intelligence support. After completion of an. intelligence product, the analyst is expected to maintain contact with major customers to determine how the product has been received, which requirements have been satisfied and the intelligence gaps that still exist. Full performance and expert analysts are expected to recommend production plans to their supervisor, based on these discussions with major customers and are expected to target their intelligence production to achieve 'maximum satisfaction of the customers' intelligence requirements.

FACTOR A - ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES:

This factor measures the nature and extent of information or facts that must be understood to do acceptable work (e.g., steps, procedures, practices, rules, policies, theories, principles, and concepts) and the nature and extent of the skills needed to apply these knowledges.

A-5 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 40 POINTS

Knowledge of basic engineering, scientific or technical principles, concepts and methodologies such as would be acquired through a baccalaureate educational program, or its equivalent in a military occupational specialty, experience, training or independent study.

AND

Ability to use professional journals, computer data bases, and hard copy files, in order to follow a research strategy developed in consultation with a senior analyst, and select and compile data pertinent to the assigned task.

AND

Skill in analytical reasoning and ability to communicate factual information clearly, both orally and in writing in order to prepare and produce intelligence products. Skill-in applying scientific, engineering 'or technical subject knowledge and basic S&T intelligence analytical techniques to carry out assignments, analyses, and operations of limited scope and complexity.

EXAMPLES:
- Employee researches a variety of readily available sources, selects and categorizes pertinent factual information to maintain all source data files for assigned subject area, for example, R&D organizations and personalities, technology field, parametric data on equipment subsystems or subsystems capabilities.
- Employee compares imagery to standard keys and identifies potential variations from established signatures.
- Employee evaluates the accuracy and pertinence of intelligence information on a reported capability of a weapon subsystem by applying basic engineering or scientific principles. Evaluation is used to update data bases or finished intelligence reports.
-Employee runs a model/simulation with different data sets and provides results to senior analyst for interpretation.

A-6 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 60 POINTS

Knowledge of the principles, concepts and methodologies of a subject area as described in previous level which has been supplemented either by (a) skill in manipulation and analysis of scientific, engineering or other technical intelligence data gained through job experience or (b) expanded scientific, engineering or other technical subject matter knowledge gained through relevant graduate or specialized study and/or experience to permit independent performance of non routine recurring assignments.

AND

Knowledge of conventional S&T intelligence analysis principles and techniques. Knowledge of the intelligence mission and substantive functions of the activity and organizational element to which assigned sufficient to apply scientific, engineering or technical intelligence analytical methods as directed to an assigned subject area.

AND

Knowledge of the mission and functions of customer activities in order to select potentially-significant information from incoming raw intelligence data, continue standard analytical approaches and target subject coverage to meet established customer requirements.

EXAMPLES:
- Employee establishes and maintains all source data files for an assigned subject area. Analyzes incoming raw intelligence data to select information of potential intelligence significance and prepares a current intelligence item or portion of a larger product in response to established customer requirements.
- Employee prepares preliminary analyses of imagery data based on specific trends and compilation of equipment or site details.
- Employee updates or modifies substantive processes in existing simulations or models to accommodate a revision in an analytical position and/or relationship.
- Employee uses independent judgment on product content and method of presentation to prepare technically accurate current intelligence articles and briefings on assigned subject area. Prepares input for assigned portions of intelligence studies.
- Employee uses established model and interprets results to aid in the analysis of the assigned subject area (e.g., artillery, electronic warfare, missiles and space, etc.).

A-7 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 80 POINTS

Knowledge of a wide range of principles, concepts and methodologies of an engineering, scientific or technical intelligence subject area such as would typically be gained through relevant graduate or specialized study and/or experience requiring the application of this knowledge to difficult and complex work assignments. Specific and detailed knowledge of an assigned type of weapon system or category of equipment, or science, technology or technical intelligence discipline and broad knowledge of related subject areas in order to evaluate data and identify trends in foreign equipment, weapons, science or technology developments.

AND

Knowledge of a wide range of principles, concepts and methodology of S&T intelligence analysis in order to develop innovative intelligence analysis projects, extrapolate from questionable or incomplete data, validate analytical conclusions, and integrate contributions from other analysts in order to prepare finished intelligence products, including forecasts and overall capabilities assessments.

AND

Knowledge of the intelligence community, and of the mission and functions of customer activities; knowledge of the goals, objectives, management and administrative policies of the activity and organizational element to which assigned, in order to identify significant intelligence trends within assigned subject area, propose new or revised analytical projects to meet customer requirements, and coordinate dissemination of finished products.

EXAMPLES:
- Employee projects changes in foreign military force capabilities and direction of foreign materiel research and development efforts to produce and disseminate finished intelligence products, including integrated studies and briefings.
- Employee evaluates foreign S&T developments and trends in the life sciences, including biological warfare developments, medical defensive measures and medical biotechnology in order to produce responsive quality intelligence products.
- Based on complex multi-sensor data, employee assesses subtle configuration and pattern differences, indications of equipment capabilities, deployment patterns or site analysis factors of intelligence value to prepare comprehensive imagery analyses.
- Employee works with collection requirements managers to initiate changes to established collection requirements statements. Develops technical requirements for an innovative collection strategy based on analysis of critical information gaps, technical capabilities of appropriate intelligence disciplines and available collectors and technical parameters of the target.
- Employee prepares statements of work for complex S&T intelligence analysis support functions. Performs technical evaluations of contractor proposals. Continually monitors contractor performance, identifies corrective actions.
- Employee performs weapon systems analysis to determine capabilities and performance, signatures, deployment and employment and vulnerabilities.
- Employee identifies technical objectives for exploiting a foreign end item of major equipment subsystem, and negotiates with technical experts at other governmental activities to combine test objectives for most economical and efficient exploitation. When monitoring project, employee applies knowledge of engineering, scientific or technical concepts and methodologies to evaluate proposed test plans, analyze preliminary results and recommend approaches to extend or revise test methodologies to achieve desired objectives, For controversial or significant exploitation project results, employee prepares analysis and reports targeted to particular customer requirements.

A-8 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 95 POINTS

Expert knowledge of the principles, concepts and methodologies of a very broad and complex engineering, scientific or technical intelligence subject area and of integral political, economic and cultural factors, such as would be acquired through extended specialized research, study and experience in order to define critical intelligence issues and produce innovative, estimative scientific and technical intelligence.

AND

Expert knowledge of the full range of S&T intelligence analysis principles, concepts and methodologies in order to develop major program initiatives or design important new analytical methods applicable to broad intelligence mission areas.

AND

Expert knowledge-of activity, intelligence community and customer mission, policy agenda, program goals and operations, in order to identify long range directions and resource requirements, initiate new projects, determine progress and evaluate effectiveness for major activity mission areas or programs.

EXAMPLES:

- Employees with this level of knowledge typically provides expert technical advice and consults with top management of the Activity on matters related to a complex, rapidly changing scientific and technical intelligence mission area.

- Employee uses expert technical and analytical judgment to design, develop, apply and validate innovative methodologies for solving a variety of the most difficult scientific and technical intelligence problems.

- Employee regularly participates as recognized technical advisor/expert on a critical intelligence subject area at national and international meetings. Provides significant technical input and offers direction and solution to national intelligence issues and problems.

- Employee develops new complex technical imagery analysis techniques to make maximum use of the full spectrum of collected imagery data.

- Employee serves as the technical manager for exploitation of a complex weapon system, which has major intelligence interest for multiple customers and tri-service and/or international involvement. Employee negotiates with representatives of other interested agencies to develop an integrated exploitation plan to satisfy critical intelligence, R&D and operational requirements for very complex, advanced technology objectives where equipment resources are limited. For unanticipated test. results, analyst employs state-of-the-art concepts and advanced theories to develop innovative methods for establishing repeatability or designing alternate testing methods.

A-9 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 115 POINTS

Mastery of the principles, concepts and methodologies of a very broad and complex engineering, scientific or technical intelligence subject area and of integral public policy issues; extensive knowledge of total Army force planning and materiel development requirements in order to identify, recommend and negotiate for utilization of Army resources to accomplish long range intelligence community S&T intelligence programs.

AND

Mastery of S&T intelligence analytical methods and concepts; ability to theorize on the direction of long range S&T intelligence program requirements and conceptualize new analytical strategies, policy and requirements.

AND

Extensive knowledge of inter-departmental S&T intelligence requirements and capabilities in order to establish or redirect departmental efforts in addressing national level intelligence issues and assessments.

Design and modeling is a major, specific technical analysis approach. It involves either mathematical (computer) or physical modeling. It may supplement other intelligence data, to be used as part of the all source intelligence information or product for a system or, at times, it may be the primary analysis completed on the system. S&T analysis positions whose major functions involve design and modeling generally operate within the process described below:

1. Perform research, development, verification, operation and maintenance of technical intelligence analysis techniques. Using a knowledge of intelligence analysis methodologies, data characteristics, mathematics, physics, engineering principles, statistics and technology, the employee develops and implements' technical analysis techniques designed to provide intelligence information derived or constructed from a variety of data sources. The techniques may be developed using various physical principles and/or scientific and technical computer languages and graphics and may include hardware, software, and/or hybrid configurations. The research and development process includes test and evaluation functions to construct new techniques for dealing with new types and sources of data and to support changing requirements (e.g., new weapons systems).

2. Collect/process/analyze data from a variety of sources. Sources include intelligence data from various technical and HUMINT collectors, measurement data from in-house and/or external laboratories and Foreign Materiel Exploitation. The project may involve working with collection managers to acquire necessary new intelligence data. Measured data obtained in laboratories or measurement facilities may also be used. Such measurements may involve the design, development, installation, operation, configuration control, and maintenance of unique laboratory instrumentation. Data received or obtained from the various sources is processed using appropriate technical methods. Data may be used in computer or laboratory modeling, analysis work and/or in comparisons of different modeling or measurement techniques. Results are subjected to analysis techniques that may involve the fusion of all source data in order to produce intelligence information in support of customer requirements.

3. Build and maintain models and simulations. Using the collected data, mathematical modeling, simulation languages, an understanding of weapons technology and combat environments, the employee builds and verifies simulations of weapons or processes to represent how the weapon or process would perform in "real world" situations. The employee develops plans to verify technical accuracy and validate the models' representation of the "real world." The plans define the requirements for data collection, data measurements, environmental conditions, sensor accuracies, data reduction procedures, and data display.

4. Performs assessments. In close coordination with the weapon systems engineer (program manager), the design and modeling analyst assesses the. capabilities, limitations and vulnerabilities of the weapon systems or processes.

5. Advise, assist, brief and report. The employee provides detailed information on analysis techniques, their applications and the results of analysis to consumers through the use of reports and briefings. This includes working with consumers to ensure that they understand the correct application and limitations of the analytical results, techniques, models, and simulations which may be very dependent on external variables or scenarios.

6. Perform COTR Duties. The employee identifies analytical support processes and techniques to be acquired; prepares justification to acquire and utilize appropriate funding sources; and develops detailed technical specification describing what the contractor must do and criteria to evaluate selection of a contractor and support the contract negotiation process. After the contract award, the analyst monitors the contractor to assure that the contractor is performing according to the technical specifications and that conditions requiring modification to the contract are acted upon. The employee is responsible for assisting the contracting officer in the process of acquiring cost and operationally effective technical support from private contractors.

This factor measures the nature and extent of information or facts that must be understood to do acceptable work (e.g., steps, procedures, practices, rules, policies, theories, principles, and concepts) and the nature and extent of the skills needed to apply these knowledges.

A-5 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 40 POINTS

Knowledge of basic engineering, scientific or mathematical principles, concepts and methodologies such as would be acquired through a baccalaureate educational program, or its equivalent in experience, training or independent study.

AND

Ability to use computer operating systems and languages and/or ability to perform various basic laboratory operating procedures, in order to follow a computational or laboratory research strategy developed i n consultation with a senior analyst. Ability to select and compile information and data pertinent to completing the assigned task.

AND

Skill in analytical reasoning and ability to communicate factual information clearly, both orally and in writing in order to prepare and produce scientific and technical intelligence products or working papers. Skill in applying subject knowledge and basic S&T analysis techniques to carry out assignments, assessments, and operations of limited scope and complexity.

EXAMPLES:
- Assists senior analyst in developing and running simple analytical and modeling problems which contribute to a larger analytical effort.
- Following general directions from senior analyst, employee performs routine and/or well established changes and modifications to analytical techniques, simulations or laboratory apparatus and configurations.

A-6 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 60 POINTS

Knowledge of the principles, concepts and methodologies of a scientific, engineering or mathematical subject area as described in previous level which has been supplemented either by (a) skill in manipulation and analysis of scientific, engineering or other intelligence data gained through job experience to permit independent performance of non routine assignments or (b) expanded scientific, engineering or other subject matter knowledge gained through relevant graduate or specialized study and/or experience.

AND

Knowledge of the conventional techniques of assigned scientific and technical analysis methodologies, such as computer-assisted data analysis, mathematical modeling or simulation, laboratory and/or field operations measurement. General knowledge of those technical characteristics of weapon systems, subsystems and components, and of their materials which are. significant to the analysis or measurement methods employed.

AND

Knowledge of the intelligence mission and substantive functions of the activity and assigned organizational element sufficient to apply scientific, engineering or intelligence analysis methods as directed to an assigned subject area.

EXAMPLES:
- Based on experience related to weapons systems, technology or related areas and a basic understanding of how weapons are configured, the employee completes the data input and operates computer-based analytical techniques and/or simulations.
- After the problem is defined in consultation with the senior analyst and customer, employee selects appropriate analysis method or technique from several existing procedures, makes minor modifications to established methods, and produces required data.
- Employee makes recommendations for improvements to established analytical techniques, simulations or laboratory methodologies and procedures.

A-7 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 80 POINTS

Knowledge of a wide range of principles, concepts and methodologies of an engineering, scientific or mathematical subject area such as would typically be gained through specialized study or experience requiring the application of this knowledge to difficult and complex work assignments.

AND

Detailed knowledge of a range of computer techniques, analytical design and modeling methodologies, and their application to a variety of military systems/components in to order develop and recommend innovative intelligence analysis approaches, extrapolate from questionable or incomplete data, verify conclusions, and integrate contributions from other analysts in order to prepare finished intelligence products.

AND

Knowledge of the intelligence community and of the mission and functions of customer activities. Knowledge of the goals and objectives, management and administrative policies of the activity and organizational element to which assigned, in order to identify significant intelligence requirements and issues within assigned subject area, propose new or revised analytical projects to meet customer requirements, and coordinate dissemination of assessments or finished products.

EXAMPLES:
- Employee designs and implements a major modification to an existing analytical technique or laboratory measurement system in order to improve production or meet new customer requirements.
- Employee designs and oversees the implementation of a new technique for transporting complex, analytical target descriptions from one code specific format to a new information equivalent format for use in analytical computations.
- Employee makes a significant modification to an scientific and technical intelligence work stations processing methodology in order to overcome an existing deficiency.
- Employee uses knowledge of engineering work stations or personal computers (PCs) to develop new analytical techniques.
- Employee adapts Completed model to determine solution of a critical intelligence issue. Acquires necessary data, runs model, compares to existing data, and interprets results to arrive at valid, complete answer to customer requirement.

A-8 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 95 POINTS

Expert knowledge of the principles, concepts and methodologies of a very broad and complex engineering, scientific or intelligence subject area and of the techniques of related disciplines and/or methodologies, such as would be acquired through extended specialized research, study and experience in order to define critical intelligence issues and produce innovative scientific and technical intelligence analytical techniques.

AND

Expert knowledge of the principles, concepts and techniques of a full range of analytical design and modeling methodologies in order to develop major program initiatives or design important new analytical methods or apply experimental methods applicable to broad scientific and technical intelligence mission areas.

AND

Expert knowledge of activity, intelligence community and customer mission, policy agenda, program goals and operations, in order to identify long range directions and resource requirements, initiate new programs, determine progress and evaluate effectiveness for major activity mission areas or programs.

EXAMPLES:

- Employee applies extensive knowledge and experience in analysis of S&T data in several spectral ranges to describe collection capabilities and systems in sufficient detail to serve as a member or consultant to national or international level groups working on the design of advanced S&T data analysis techniques, capabilities/systems.

- Employee identifies and defines the requirement for an advanced state-of-the-art data analysis, measurement, modeling, or simulation system, develops a program to meet this requirement, and directs the program to completion.

- Employee uses extensive knowledge and expertise in the analysis of signals to develop analytical techniques and methodologies to exploit new and/or very unusual types of technical data.

A-9 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGES 115 POINTS

Mastery of the principles, concepts and methodologies of a very broad and complex engineering, scientific or intelligence subject area and of integral public policy issues; extensive knowledge of total Army force planning and materiel development requirements in order to identify, recommend and negotiate for utilization of Army resources to accomplish long range customer or intelligence community programs.

AND

Extensive knowledge of inter-departmental S&T intelligence requirements and capabilities in order to establish or redirect departmental efforts in addressing national level intelligence issues and assessments.

AND

Mastery of analytical design and modeling methods and concepts; ability to theorize on the direction of long range S&T intelligence program requirements and conceptualize new analysis strategies, policy and requirements.

The following list includes series commonly used intelligence production.

Series & Title

GS-0132 Intelligence Series

GS-0401 General Biological Sciences Series

GS-0403 Microbiology Series

GS-0801 General Engineering Series

GS-0806 Materiels Engineering Series

GS-0810 Civil Engineering Series

GS-0830 Mechanical Engineering Series

GS-0840 Nuclear Engineering Series

GS-0850 Electrical Engineering Series

GS-0855 Electronics Engineering Series

GS-0854 Computer Engineering Series

GS-0858 Biomedical Engineering Series

GS-0861 Aerospace Engineering Series

GS-0893 Chemical Engineering Series

GS-0896 Industrial Engineering Series

GS-1301 General Physical Science Series

GS-1310 Physics Series

GS-1320 Chemist Series

GS-1370 Cartography Series

GS-1382 Food Technology Series

GS-1384 Textile Technology Series

GS-1515 Operations Research Analysis Series

GS-1520 Mathematics Series

GS-1550 Computer Science Series

The table on the following page illustrates how the CIPMS AOG factor levels combine in typical scientific and technical intelligence analysis positions at grades GS-5 through GS-18. The table is provided as an aid to users in understanding the most common factor relationships at each grade, i.e. the level of knowledge required to perform work of a particular complexity and the supervisory controls appropriate to that level of work. Users should be aware that these factor degree combinations are not required by the classification system. Correct classification can be arrived at only if each position is examined against each factor and subfactor for its individual job characteristics. This matrix is not intended to be a substitute for careful consideration of all the factor levels and the illustrative examples.